Health

What to do to keep yourself and others safe from COVID-19

Maintain at least a 1-meter distance between yourself and others to reduce your risk of infection when they cough, sneeze or speak. Maintain an even greater distance between yourself and others when indoors. The further away, the better.

Make wearing a mask a normal part of being around other people. The appropriate use, storage, and cleaning or disposal are essential to make masks as effective as possible.

  • Here are the basics of how to wear a mask:

Clean your hands before you put your mask on, as well as before and after you take it off, and after you touch it at any time.
Make sure it covers both your nose, mouth, and chin.

When you take off a mask, store it in a clean plastic bag, and every day either wash it if it’s a fabric mask or dispose of a medical mask in a trash bin.
Don’t use masks with valves.

For specifics on what type of mask to wear and when read our Q&A and watch our videos. There is also a Q&A focused on masks and children.
Find out more about the science of how COVID-19 infects people and our bodies react by watching or reading this interview.

  • How to make your environment safer

Avoid the 3Cs: spaces that are closed, crowded, or involve close contact.
Outbreaks have been reported in restaurants, choir practices, fitness classes, nightclubs, offices, and places of worship where people have gathered, often in crowded indoor settings where they talk loudly, shout, breathe heavily or sing.

The risks of getting COVID-19 are higher in crowded and inadequately ventilated spaces where infected people spend long periods of time together in close proximity. These environments are where the virus appears to spread by respiratory droplets or aerosols more efficiently, so taking precautions is even more important.

Meet people outside. Outdoor gatherings are safer than indoor ones, particularly if indoor spaces are small and without outdoor air coming in.
For more information on how to hold events like family gatherings, children’s football games, and family occasions, read our Q&A on small public gatherings.
Avoid crowded or indoor settings but if you can’t, then take precautions:
Open a window.

WHO has published Q&As on ventilation and air conditioning for both the general public and people who manage public spaces and buildings.
Wear a mask.

  • Don’t forget the basics of good hygiene

Regularly and thoroughly clean your hands with an alcohol-based hand rub or wash them with soap and water. This eliminates germs including viruses that may be on your hands.

Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth. Hands touch many surfaces and can pick up viruses. Once contaminated, hands can transfer the virus to your eyes, nose, or mouth. From there, the virus can enter your body and infect you.

Cover your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze. Then dispose of the used tissue immediately into a closed bin and wash your hands. By following good ‘respiratory hygiene’, you protect the people around you from viruses, which cause colds, flu, and COVID-19.
Clean and disinfect surfaces frequently especially those which are regularly touched, such as door handles, faucets, and phone screens.
 

  • What to do if you feel unwell

Know the full range of symptoms of COVID-19. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, and tiredness. Other symptoms that are less common and may affect some patients include loss of taste or smell, aches, and pains, headache, sore throat, nasal congestion, red eyes, diarrhea, or a skin rash.

Stay home and self-isolate even if you have minor symptoms such as cough, headache, mild fever until you recover. Call your health care provider or hotline for advice. Have someone bring you supplies. If you need to leave your house or have someone near you, wear a medical mask to avoid infecting others.

If you have a fever, cough, and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately. Call by telephone first, if you can, and follow the directions of your local health authority.

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29 Jun 2025

Daily Habits for Stress-Free Skin: The Simple Routines That Actually Make a Difference (Without Complicated Products or Expensive Treatments)

Description: Want stress-free, healthy skin? Here's an honest guide to daily habits that actually work — simple, practical, and backed by science, not hype.

Let me tell you what's probably happening with your skin right now.

You've invested in skincare. Maybe a lot of skincare. Serums, moisturizers, masks, treatments. You've followed influencers, read reviews, tried the trending ingredients.

And yet your skin still feels... unpredictable. One day it's glowing, the next it's dull. Sometimes it's clear, sometimes it breaks out seemingly at random. It reacts to things that never bothered it before. It looks tired even when you're not.

You keep thinking the answer is in the next product. The next ingredient. The next routine tweak.

But here's what you're probably missing: The biggest factor determining how your skin looks and feels isn't what you put ON your skin. It's how you live your life.

Your sleep quality. Your stress levels. What you eat. How much water you drink. Whether you move your body. How you handle the sun. The small daily choices you make dozens of times a day.

These habits — boring, unglamorous, unsexy habits that cost nothing and require no shopping — have more impact on your skin than most products you could buy.

This isn't wellness industry nonsense. This is biology. Measurable, documented, scientifically proven biology about what makes skin healthy, resilient, and genuinely stress-free.

So let's talk about it honestly. Let's break down the daily habits that actually create stress-free skin — not the 15-step routines or expensive treatments, but the simple, sustainable practices that work over time.


What "Stress-Free Skin" Actually Means

Before we dive into habits, let's define what we're aiming for.

Stress-free skin doesn't mean perfect skin. It means skin that:

  • Behaves predictably (you understand it and can manage it)
  • Recovers quickly from irritation or breakouts
  • Doesn't react to every product or environmental change
  • Maintains a healthy barrier function
  • Ages at a normal rate (not accelerated by chronic stress or poor habits)
  • Looks healthy and feels comfortable most of the time

Stress-free skin is resilient skin. It can handle normal life stresses without constant drama.

And building that resilience is about daily habits, not products.


Habit #1: Sleep 7-9 Hours Every Single Night (This Is Non-Negotiable)

We've covered this extensively in our article on sleep and beauty, but it bears repeating because it's the single most impactful habit for skin health.

What happens to your skin during sleep:

  • Growth hormone peaks — Drives cell regeneration and collagen production
  • Cortisol drops — The stress hormone that breaks down collagen finally decreases
  • Blood flow increases — More oxygen and nutrients delivered to skin cells
  • Skin barrier repairs — The protective outer layer restores itself
  • Inflammation decreases — Your immune system works to reduce systemic inflammation

What happens when you consistently don't sleep enough:

  • Elevated cortisol breaks down collagen (more wrinkles, sagging)
  • Increased inflammation (redness, sensitivity, breakouts)
  • Compromised barrier function (dryness, reactivity)
  • Poor healing (breakouts last longer, scars fade slower)
  • Dark circles, puffiness, dull complexion

The habit:

Same bedtime every night — Even weekends. Your circadian rhythm (and skin repair cycle) thrives on consistency.

7-9 hours minimum — For most adults. This is when repair happens. Six hours isn't enough, no matter how much you insist you're "fine on six hours."

Wind-down routine — 30-60 minutes before bed:

  • Dim the lights
  • Put away screens (blue light disrupts melatonin)
  • Do something calming (reading, gentle stretching, your skincare routine)

Optimize sleep environment:

  • Cool (65-68°F / 18-20°C)
  • Very dark (blackout curtains or eye mask)
  • Quiet (white noise if needed)

Why this works: Sleep is when skin repair happens. Period. No serum replicates what sleep does. This is the foundation. Without it, everything else is building on sand.


Habit #2: Drink Enough Water (And Actually Pay Attention to It)

You've heard "drink more water" a thousand times. Most people ignore it because it sounds too simple to matter.

It matters.

What proper hydration does for skin:

  • Maintains skin barrier function — Your barrier needs water to work properly
  • Supports nutrient delivery — Blood carries nutrients to skin cells; blood is mostly water
  • Aids waste removal — Metabolic waste products are removed through water-based systems
  • Plumps skin cells — Well-hydrated cells look fuller, reducing the appearance of fine lines
  • Supports elasticity — Dehydrated skin loses flexibility and bounce

How much you need:

The "8 glasses a day" rule is overly simplistic. Better guideline:

  • Base amount: 30ml per kg of body weight per day
  • Add more for: Exercise, hot weather, caffeine consumption, alcohol

Example: 70kg person needs ~2.1 liters (roughly 8-9 glasses) as a baseline

The habit:

Start your day with water — 1-2 glasses first thing in the morning rehydrates after sleep

Carry a water bottle — If it's with you, you'll drink it. If you have to go get water, you won't

Set reminders — Phone alarms every 2 hours. Apps like WaterMinder can help

Pair with existing habits — Drink water every time you: use the bathroom, check email, take a break

Track it — Mark a water bottle with time goals, or use an app. What gets measured gets done

Signs you're properly hydrated: Clear or pale yellow urine. Skin that bounces back quickly when pinched. Moist lips and mouth.

Why this works: Your skin is an organ. Like all organs, it needs water to function. Chronic dehydration shows up as dullness, increased fine lines, slower healing, and compromised barrier function.


Habit #3: Eat for Skin Health (Not Just General Health)

Your skin is built from what you eat. Literally. Every skin cell, every collagen fiber, every drop of natural oil — all made from the nutrients you consume.

Foods that actively support skin health:

Omega-3 Fatty Acids

Why: Reduce inflammation, support skin barrier, maintain cell membrane integrity

Sources: Fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines), walnuts, flaxseeds, chia seeds

How much: 2-3 servings fatty fish per week, or 1 tablespoon ground flaxseed daily

Antioxidant-Rich Foods

Why: Combat free radical damage that accelerates aging and causes inflammation

Sources: Berries, dark leafy greens, colorful vegetables (peppers, tomatoes, carrots), green tea, dark chocolate

How much: Aim for 5-7 servings of colorful fruits and vegetables daily

Protein

Why: Collagen and elastin are proteins. Your skin literally can't rebuild without adequate protein

Sources: Lean meats, fish, eggs, dairy, legumes, tofu

How much: 0.8-1g protein per kg body weight minimum (more if active)

Vitamin C

Why: Essential for collagen synthesis. Powerful antioxidant. Supports skin barrier

Sources: Citrus fruits, strawberries, bell peppers, broccoli, kiwi

How much: 75-90mg daily minimum (one medium orange provides ~70mg)

Zinc

Why: Supports healing, regulates oil production, anti-inflammatory

Sources: Pumpkin seeds, chickpeas, lentils, cashews, meat, shellfish

How much: 8-11mg daily

Probiotics

Why: Gut health affects skin health through the gut-skin axis. Healthy gut microbiome reduces inflammation

Sources: Yogurt, kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, kombucha, miso

How much: 1 serving fermented food daily

Foods that harm skin:

Excess sugar and refined carbs — Spike insulin and trigger inflammation, break down collagen through glycation

Highly processed foods — Often high in inflammatory omega-6 oils and low in nutrients

Excess alcohol — Dehydrates skin, dilates blood vessels, disrupts sleep, increases inflammation

Excess dairy (for some people) — Can trigger breakouts in acne-prone individuals due to hormones in milk

The habit:

Build every meal around: Protein + colorful vegetables + healthy fat

Add daily: One serving fatty fish or plant-based omega-3s, one serving fermented food, colorful fruits

Reduce: Sugar, refined carbs, highly processed foods

Hydrate: Water, herbal tea, green tea. Limit alcohol and excess caffeine

Why this works: You're literally building your skin from what you eat. Feed it well, and it functions well. Feed it poorly, and it struggles.


Habit #4: Move Your Body Daily (But Don't Overdo It)

Exercise affects your skin both directly (through increased blood flow) and indirectly (through stress reduction, better sleep, hormonal balance).

What moderate exercise does for skin:

  • Increases circulation — Delivers oxygen and nutrients to skin cells, removes waste
  • Reduces stress hormones — Lowers cortisol (which breaks down collagen)
  • Improves sleep quality — Which improves skin repair
  • Reduces inflammation — Regular moderate exercise has anti-inflammatory effects
  • Supports healthy weight — Reduces risk of metabolic issues that affect skin
  • Creates temporary glow — Increased blood flow for hours after exercise

The sweet spot for skin health:

Moderate cardio: 20-40 minutes, 4-5 times per week (walking, jogging, cycling, swimming)

Strength training: 2-3 times per week (maintains muscle, supports metabolism, builds confidence)

Yoga or stretching: 2-3 times per week (reduces stress, improves flexibility)

Daily movement: Walking, taking stairs, active hobbies

What to avoid:

Excessive high-intensity exercise — Marathon training, daily HIIT, extreme endurance events without proper recovery can increase cortisol and oxidative stress, potentially harming skin

The habit:

Morning movement — Even 10 minutes of stretching or a short walk. Signals your body it's time to wake up, supports circadian rhythm

30 minutes daily — Walk, dance, bike, swim, yoga. Doesn't need to be intense

Post-workout skincare — Cleanse face within an hour of sweating (sweat + bacteria + time = breakouts)

Hydrate well — Before, during, and after exercise

Why this works: Exercise is one of the most effective cortisol-reduction interventions available. Lower cortisol = better skin. Plus the circulation boost delivers nutrients and removes waste.


Habit #5: Manage Sun Exposure Intelligently (Not Fearfully)

Sun exposure is the single largest environmental factor in skin aging. But the answer isn't hiding from the sun entirely — it's managing exposure wisely.

What sun exposure does to skin:

UVB rays: Cause sunburn, damage DNA, increase skin cancer risk

UVA rays: Penetrate deeper, break down collagen and elastin, cause premature aging (wrinkles, sagging, age spots)

Both: Create free radicals that damage skin cells

The cumulative effect: Most sun damage is from daily incidental exposure, not just beach vacations

The habit:

Daily SPF 30-50 — Every single day, even cloudy days, even indoors near windows. Apply to face, neck, ears, hands (the areas that age fastest)

Reapply every 2 hours — If you're outside. If indoors all day, morning application is usually sufficient

Seek shade — Between 10 AM and 4 PM when UV is strongest

Wear protective clothing — Hats, sunglasses, long sleeves for extended outdoor time

But don't avoid sun entirely — 10-15 minutes of sun exposure on arms/legs a few times per week supports vitamin D production (unless you supplement)

Choose the right sunscreen:

  • Mineral (zinc oxide, titanium dioxide) for sensitive skin
  • Chemical (avobenzone, octinoxate, etc.) for easier application and no white cast
  • Broad spectrum (protects against both UVA and UVB)
  • Water-resistant if swimming or sweating

Why this works: Sun damage is cumulative and largely preventable. Consistent sun protection is the single most effective anti-aging intervention available — more effective than any serum or treatment.

27 Feb 2026

Hormones and Hair Fall Connection: Why Your Hair Is Falling Out (And What Your Hormones Have to Do With It)

Description: Losing more hair than usual? Hormones might be the real culprit. Here's an honest breakdown of the hormones-hair fall connection — and what you can actually do about it.

Let me paint a picture you might recognize.

You're in the shower. You run your fingers through your hair, and way more strands come out than they used to. You look at the drain and there's a clump of hair that definitely wasn't there a few months ago. You check your brush and it's full. You notice your ponytail feels thinner. You see more scalp than you'd like when you part your hair.

And you're thinking — what the hell is happening?

You're eating well. You're using good hair products. You're not doing anything differently. So why is your hair suddenly abandoning ship?

Here's what nobody tells you until you're already Googling at 2 AM in a panic: hair fall is almost always connected to your hormones.

Not always. But almost always. Especially if the hair loss came on suddenly, or if it's happening alongside other weird symptoms you can't quite explain.

So let's talk about it. Honestly. Clearly. Let's break down exactly how hormones affect hair fall, which hormones are the main culprits, what signs to look for, and — most importantly — what you can actually do about it.


First Things First — How Hair Growth Actually Works

Before we get into the hormones part, you need to understand how hair growth works. Because hair fall isn't random. It's part of a cycle.

Every hair on your head goes through three phases:

Anagen (Growth Phase) — This lasts 2-7 years. Your hair is actively growing during this phase. About 85-90% of your hair is in this phase at any given time.

Catagen (Transition Phase) — This lasts about 2-3 weeks. Hair stops growing and detaches from the blood supply. About 1-2% of your hair is in this phase.

Telogen (Resting Phase) — This lasts about 3-4 months. The hair is just sitting there, resting, before it falls out and a new hair starts growing in its place. About 10-15% of your hair is in this phase.

Normal hair fall is about 50-100 strands per day. That's just the natural cycle. Hair in the telogen phase falls out, and new hair grows to replace it.

But here's where hormones come in. Hormones control how long each phase lasts, how many hairs are in each phase, and how thick each hair grows.

When your hormones get out of balance, they can:

  • Push way more hairs into the telogen phase at once (which means more hair falling out all at once a few months later)
  • Shorten the anagen phase (so hair doesn't grow as long or as thick)
  • Shrink hair follicles (so new hairs grow back thinner and weaker)
  • Stop hair growth entirely in some follicles

That's the hormones-hair fall connection. And once you understand it, a lot of things start making sense.


The Hormones That Control Your Hair (For Better or Worse)

Let's get specific. Here are the hormones that have the biggest impact on whether your hair thrives or falls out.

1. Androgens (Testosterone and DHT)

This is the big one. Androgens — male hormones that both men and women have — are the number one hormonal cause of hair loss.

What they do: Testosterone gets converted into DHT (dihydrotestosterone) by an enzyme called 5-alpha reductase. DHT binds to hair follicles — especially the ones on the top and front of your scalp — and shrinks them. Over time, those follicles produce thinner, weaker hair, and eventually they stop producing hair altogether.

This is called androgenic alopecia or pattern hair loss. It's the most common type of hair loss in both men and women.

Signs it's androgen-related:

  • Hair thinning on the top of your head and along your part
  • Hairline receding (more common in men, but happens to women too)
  • Hair falling out but not regrowing as thick
  • You have other signs of high androgens — acne, oily skin, unwanted facial hair (in women), irregular periods

Who's affected: Men and women both, but it shows up differently. Men typically get a receding hairline and bald spot on top. Women typically get diffuse thinning across the top of the scalp.

2. Estrogen

Estrogen is the hormone that protects your hair. It keeps hair in the growth phase longer, makes hair thicker, and generally keeps your hair happy.

What happens when estrogen drops: When estrogen levels fall — during menopause, after pregnancy, or when you stop taking birth control — your hair loses that protection. More hairs shift into the resting phase. Growth slows down. And a few months later, you get a wave of hair fall.

Signs it's estrogen-related:

  • Hair fall started after pregnancy (postpartum hair loss)
  • Hair fall started during or after menopause
  • Hair fall started after stopping birth control pills
  • You have other low estrogen symptoms — hot flashes, irregular periods, vaginal dryness, mood swings

Who's affected: Mostly women, especially during major hormonal transitions.

3. Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4)

Your thyroid controls your metabolism — including the metabolism of your hair follicles. When your thyroid is off, your hair suffers.

Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid): Hair becomes dry, brittle, and thin. Hair growth slows down. You lose hair not just on your scalp, but also your eyebrows (especially the outer third).

Hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid): Hair becomes thin and fine. You get diffuse hair loss all over your scalp.

Signs it's thyroid-related:

  • Hair is dry, coarse, and breaks easily
  • You're losing hair on your eyebrows too
  • You have other thyroid symptoms — fatigue, weight changes, sensitivity to cold or heat, brain fog, irregular periods

Who's affected: Anyone, but more common in women, especially over 40.

07 Feb 2026
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